Five Signs of Chronic Kidney Disease

The kidneys are crucial for metabolizing water and waste in the human body. As people age, they become more likely to develop chronic kidney disease. According to estimates from Johns Hopkins University researchers, more than 50 percent of seniors over the age of 75 are believed to have kidney disease. However, the signs of kidney disease are easy to miss.

Dr. Zhong Zheng, a nephrology physician at Rendr, notes that together, diabetes and high blood pressure account for almost two in three cases of chronic kidney disease in the elderly. Both conditions damage kidney blood vessels, impairing the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluids. The accumulation of fluids can further elevate blood pressure, creating a dangerous cycle.

Mild to moderate chronic kidney disease can often develop without noticeable symptoms. Many patients experience only weakness or mild fatigue, leading to missed opportunities for early intervention.

As kidney disease progresses, patients may notice the following symptoms: 1. Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting; 2. Reduced urine output; 3. Itching or numbness, dry or darkened skin; 4. Swelling in the lower limbs or face; 5. Severe fatigue. By the time these symptoms appear, kidney damage is usually significant, with some patients progressing to kidney failure requiring dialysis.

The American Kidney Fund recommends that individuals over 60, and those at high risk—such as those with diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney failure—undergo an annual urine albumin test to detect early kidney damage. Additionally, a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) blood test should be conducted to evaluate kidney function.

Dr. Zheng advises that beyond annual screenings, seniors and high-risk groups should rigorously manage their blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels, and maintain a healthy weight. Dietary recommendations include consuming more fiber-rich foods and limiting daily salt intake to around 2 grams (approximately half a teaspoon). Regular exercise is also vital.